White Dominance During The Post Segregation Era - 945 Words

White Dominance in the Post-Segregation Era Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, addresses the hardships of an African-American family living in the projects of post-segregation Chicago. The family aspires to fulfill their dreams of owning a home despite the odds they face. W.E.B Du Bois critical race theory explains the issue of racism and white dominance that not only the family in the play faces, but the African-American community as a whole. American society only allows for African-Americans to see themselves only through the eyes of others, according to W.E.B. Du Bois’ theory of double consciousness. Du Bois also claimed that a person’s self-identity is influenced by historical and social circumstances, and in this case for African-Americans, the effects of slavery, prejudice and segregation. (Giddens 17) In A Raisin in the Sun, the Younger family face their double consciousness. The family’s ultimate goal in the play is to move out of the slums of Chicago to a neighborhood called Clyborne Park. The Younger’s find themselves hesitant about the move because it is a white community. Aware of the prejudice they face the Youngers have to wait even longer to move out of the projects. The effects of segregation/discrimination are everlasting, and the family not wanting to make the move unintendedly contributes to the continuation of racial segregation. Subsequently, Karl Linder, the only character in the play that is white, represents the white community thatShow MoreRelatedJIM CORW LAWS Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesexpectation that they would enjoy all civil liberties. The post-Civil War period of Reconstruction provided freedmen with various rights, but in little over a decade, the promise of emancipation and equal rights was gone, replaced by rigid system of laws designed to keep blacks from experiencing any of their newly achieved rights, which is known as the era of Jim Crow, the American form of racial Apartheid that separated Americans into two groups: whites, the so-called superiors and blacks, the inferiorsRead MoreThe Roots of Apartheid: South Africa’s Colonial Experience Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesin the post-World War II period. However, one topic remains largely un-researched—the origins of the vast apartheid structure instituted by the Herenigde (Reunited) National Party (HNP) in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, different an d larger than any other nation’s program . Apartheid had long existed in most nations, but its continued stay is a South African peculiarity . Although most African nations had similar racial discrimination programs during the colonial period, during the post-colonialRead MoreImpact Of Reconstruction779 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture. During the post-Civil War time period, Radical Republicans and other societal activists made significant efforts in the realm of civil rights. Throughout the time period, three new constitutional amendments were created, education was expanded, and the black population was able to participate in politics at a notable level for the first time in American history. However, like all social movements, there was ultimately pushback to Reconstruction policies. Although the Reconstruction Era led toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Chesnutt Uses Mixed Race Characters 1675 Words   |  7 Pagesrace characters, which have both black and white ancestors and these characters display the conflicts between black and white societies. Within the novel, Janet Miller is the best example of a mixed race character. Janet’s father was from the white aristocracy, while her mother was a slave and a servant. Janet is emotionally hurt because she doesn t receive the same affection like white half-sister. She views herself as black and submits to the segregation of the time. In comparison to societal viewsRead MoreRace and Supreme Court Decisions Essay1883 Words   |  8 Pagesthis bolstered power, the Supreme Court made numerous landmark decisions throughout the 19th and during the first half of the 20th centuries. The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review played an integral role in shaping post-bellum racial laws and attitudes. In the cases of Plessey v. Ferguson and Brown v. The Board of Education the Supreme Court invoked judicial review to assess racial segregation policies as they related to the 14th Amendment. Both Plessey an d Brown are landmark cases becauseRead MoreRacial Discrimination During The Second World War1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe decades during the second World War presented multiple forms of racial discrimination, affecting the functions and moods of domestic communities, including outside influences, social prejudice, and economic discrimination in both America and Europe. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the young narrator named Scout witnesses racial tensions in the glacial-paced town of Maycomb shake up the community, and create grand-scale cracks in the ground contrasting opinions and revealing hypocrisies hidden underneathRead MoreAfrican Americans and Southern Racism During Reconstruction1501 Words   |  7 Pagesformer slave owners and former slaves. The majority of the South remained set in racist behavior, finding post-Civil War legal loopholes to diminish African American rights (Tindall amp; Shi, 2010, pp. 757-758). Southerners continued to marginalize Blacks in their behavior toward ex-slaves and the later African American generation, continuing the escalation of racial tensions through white terror and discriminatory attitudes (Tindall amp; Shi, 2010, p. 759). Most subversively, southern newspapersRead MoreSouth Afric A Vast History Of Colonialism, Migration, And Migration1605 Words   |  7 PagesOverview: South Africa has a vast history of colonialism, migration and emigration, racial and gender segregation, epidemics, income inequality and extreme violence that has intrinsically affected and shaped the Healthcare System (South Africa Info, 2015). The apartheid is a major contributor of the problematic health system. Although, development in the public healthcare sector has occurred over the years, it still lacks adequate leadership and good management. Despite the policies initiated toRead MoreThe French Indian War And The American Colonization Of North America1326 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, mostly due to issues and events in Europe, the British left the colonists to their own devices (salutary neglect) and they prospered until the French-Indian War (1754-1763). The spirit of independence cultivated in the American colonists during the past era was challenged by the heightened British presence after the French-Indian War. The colonists increasingly resented the high tariffs placed to eliminate British debt and the colonists protested the British until open rebellion was sparked atRead MoreWomen Of The 1940 S1796 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Yesil, (2004), women entered wartime jobs not simply out of their response to patriotic pleas, but out of the continuity of the working patterns they had established prior to World War 11. It was believed that women who found employment during the war were entering the job market for the ï ¬ rst time. However; 29% of women workers in 1944–1945 had actually worked more than 10 years; and another 19% more than 5 years. (Yesil, 2004). As a result of women entering the workforce in large numbers

Women in the Enlightenment Essay - 1406 Words

The Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more and the advances in scientific and educated thinking, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to further their status, enlightened women published pamphlets and other works advocating for educational rights and political recognition. Even with this evolution of woman in society, many still clung to the belief that the role of the woman was solely†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nevertheless, faith in knowledge and reason and in the progress they were held certain to achieve remained the dominant characteristic of the Enlightenment.† With the change in political climate, wom en began to grasp the idea of reason in the new society. There was a fight for education, professionalism, and citizenship. The change that the Enlightenment brought to the world, gave women the lifeline they needed to pull away from their domesticated roles as housekeepers, wives, and mothers. â€Å"Above all, perhaps, the rationalists of the eighteenth century aroused the social conscience of mankind and stimulated the humanitarianism.† The Enlightenment allowed a period of educational growth to begin. A new love for knowledge and debate sprung up throughout the century. Women joined in with the intellectual banter by starting salons. â€Å"If Voltaire transformed the thoughts, and Rousseau the feelings, of the eighteenth century, it was the salons of Paris that the new conceptions of ‘reason’ and ‘nature,’ of ‘free thought’ and the importance of the individual, were sifted, codified, and eventually imposed.† Women played a central role in the organization of these intellectual gatherings, holding them in their homes. They invited prominent, academically inclined men to join together to share ideas, in which the lady of the home regulated with agendas and topics. Women were able to be present when men spoke of the political, social, andShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality of Women in the Enlightenment Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sexes: Inequality of Women During the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a period when clusters of philosophers, writers, scholars, and aristocrats sharply debated standards and assumptions about womens rights in society. 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As time passed by, women were given an increased amount of rights, and then the cottage industry took over, providing thousands of women the opportunity to work as in the comfort of their home. The eruption of the agricultural revolution and technological advance soon swept England and the continentRead MoreWomen and the Enlightenment vs. Patriarchal Society Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the 19th century women suffered a great deal of abhorrence, relegation, discrimination and subjugation. The traditional women roles were limited to the categorical imperatives of society. Women lacked equality and humanistic significance based on these roles as a domesticated women. 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The Enlightenment thinkers believed they could implement some of these ideas to create a better influence towards societies and people. These ideas changed how humanity viewed the government, politics, and society. Although each philosopher had their own individual concept, they all centered on the themes of e quality and freedom. ThomasRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Women1237 Words   |  5 PagesRights of Women†, written by Olympe De Gouges, is a document that proves how in the 1790’ s women were trying to break-free from the belief that men have all the rights. This document was published in 1791 and it was made in comparison to the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† which was published in 1789. Olympe De Gouges wrote this document because she felt that despite having the French Revolution women were not receiving the rights they deserve. In the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Women† OlympeRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement of Elightment759 Words   |  3 Pages 1. The intellectual movement of Enlightenment was a very intricate movement that was centralized on the concepts of progression, reasoning, and the scientific method. The Enlightenment thinkers believed they could implement some of these ideas towards societies and people. These ideas changed how humanity viewed the government, politics, and society. Although each philosopher had their own individual concept, they all centered on the themes of equality and freedom. Thomas Hobbes believed that religion

Capital Budgeting Decision and Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Capital Budgeting Decision and Analysis. Answer: The sensitivity analysis which is also known as what if analysis and stimulation analysis is considered very important for decision making as it tells us that whether the estimations are right or wrong. The sensitivity analysis is an approach made to determine how the values of an independent variable affect some other variable which is dependent on various situations are completely different. An analysis of the influence of decisions and its impact on different variable becomes very simple with the help of this approach. The analysts use it to determine how the change of one variable affects the other variables. The sensitivity analysis has a very limited scope. For example, the effect of change in the rate of interest. Relationship between sensitivity analysis and the capital budgeting techniques. It can be well understood with the help of the sensitivity analysis the various possible outcomes and whether the estimations made were correct or incorrect. Sensitivity analysis also helps us to know and measure the impact or the influence on the finances due to the changes in the estimations that were made. This analysis is a used as tool which has helped the managers to identify the reason for not achieving expected targets and helps them to take certain corrective steps to rectify the mistakes in future. Such steps help the company in improving and taking good decisions for the investments. It is not necessary that the estimations will match will the actual result. So in capital budgeting, Sensitivity analysis depicts the changes in the assumptions. This can be better explained with the help of an example; a company estimated that it would generate $700 each year for consecutive three years. A decision was taken by the investors to invest $2100 in the first year itself based on their expectations. However, the investors found that there was a change at the end of the first year. The expectations of the investors increased seeing the companys performance and it expected that the company would generate $1400 for the remaining two years. This would breakeven the investment in the second year itself. Therefore, it can be concluded that sensitivity analysis is very useful in determining the changes and its effects. Example of Sensitivity Analysis. A sales manager Mr. Zen was keen to know and understand the effect of more customers on sales. Based on the information he comes to know that the sales are a function of price and the transaction volume. In the previous year Mr. Zen sold 100 pieces of the goods, the selling price of each good was $1000. So, he could generate revenue of $100000. The sales managers finds out the customer behaviour and finally draws a conclusion that if the customers base is increases by 10% then the sales volume will also increase by 5%. We can say that any change in the customer base will affect the sales of the company. Such information is very useful in building a financial equation. The relevance of Sensitive analysis can also be understood with the help of this example. We know business has a dynamic nature and there are many uncertainties today. So, Scenario analysis works as an analytical tool which is useful for ascertaining the possible outcomes. This is an analytical tool and should not be regarded as a predictive mechanism. There are three scenarios which the analyst uses to identify the possible outcomes. They are best case, base case and worst case. The best case is the one in which it is assumed that everything will move in a correct manner and the worst case is just the opposite in which it is assumed that all the assumptions will be a failure. This makes the analyst proactive and he takes steps before there is a situation of worst case. The analyst does not know what exactly will happen but he gets the idea of the situations that may arise. Relationship between Scenario analysis with capital budgeting. In capital budgeting we make estimations which may differ from the actual outcome, in order to eliminate any kind of confusion in the process of decision making we extend the sensitive analysis to scenario analysis. In scenario analysis, one of the method is using the extreme situations. In case of Scenario analysis, a preventive step is already taken from before so that the results are positive. This is because the worst case and the base case can be compared with the base case. Comparision of Sensitive Analysis and Scenario Analysis. It is very important to look at different aspects of an investment plan to make a wise decision. This decision can be efficiently taken with the help of two tools namely Sensitive analysis and Scenario analysis. The two tools that are used are in no way similar to each other (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2002). A sensitive analysis informs the investors about the uncertainties that may arise whereas the scenario analysis helps us to determine the different possible outcomes and its effects. Therefore, we can say that a scenario analysis may involve the use of sensitive analysis but it is not necessary that the sensitive analysis will involve the use of scenario analysis. The sensitive analysis is totally based on assumptions but the scenario analysis is a test which depicts all the possible outcomes. We can draw conclusion that Sensitive analysis and Scenario analysis both play a major role in preparing the best plan. It is very relevant for Capital Budgeting. It is not necessary that both the tools move in opposite direction, there are certain situations where both of them move in same direction also. These tools help the investors to prevent taking wrong decision and also provide them a mere idea of the future consequences. It makes them pro active and so they are able to stop themselves from taking wrong decisions. The analysts are greatly helped because of these tools which help them to analyse the uncertainties and take further steps to prevent it. If the outcomes are positive it also provides information about the field of improvement. Capital Asset Pricing Model and Capital Market Line. The capital asset pricing model is one of the most useful and famous methods of financial management which is used to calculate the required rate of return. The sensitivity of any particular asset to its unsystematic risk is taken into consideration with the help of this method. The unsystematic risk is also known as the non-diversifiable risk. The symbol that is used to denote risk is Beta. This Beta is the sensitivity of asset with respect to any movements happening in the market. Capital asset pricing model can be better understood with the help of the following equation. Re= Rf+(Rm-Rf) Re stands for the required rate of return, Rm stands for the returns from the market, Rf stands for risk free returns and Beta () is the risk. In order to understand this model more properly we first have to understand this equation and its components more properly. Risk free returns include returns from investment in government bonds and securities, these returns are the benchmark. The return in these kind of investments are generally low and only those people who are scared of taking risk invest in such bonds. Rf provides a little higher risk than Rf but only those people who are not risk averse invest in such securities. The rate of market index is easily determined with the help of Rm. Any movement in the market affect the returns on the asset is measured using Beta. These are all the components that are used to calculate the expected or required rate of return using capital asset pricing model. The efficient frontier to the capital asset pricing model is the capital market line. Any point on the capital market line shows the efficient portfolio which is made by using both return on market portfolio and risk free returns. The area which is below the capital market line is inefficient and will not let the investors get returns upto their expectations. Similarly, it is also not feasible for investors to invest their funds over the capital market line. Standard deviation is used to measure the risk involved in the investment. The capital market line is one of the most efficient line which helps the investors to determine the risk and ascertain the expected rate of returns. The main purpose is to show the allocation between the risk free return and risk market portfolio. An investor should analyse the degree of risk involved before taking any kind of investment decision. It is with the help of modern portfolio theory that how the investors can invest in risk free and weighted assets in order to get returns. We have also studied that with the increase in the risk the returns also increases. To understand this concept more properly, capital asset pricing model is used which helps the investors maintain a balance between the required rate of return and the existing market factors. There are a number of similarities between the capital asset pricing model and the capital market line (Bierman and Smidt, 1993). Both these model makes the decision making of the investors easier as it help them to measure the risk involved both in risk free and risk weighted assets. These theories are based on the same assumptions that all assets are correctly priced and that the market is in equilibrium. The theme of both these models is that the investors are considered rational and they invest is such a manner that the unsystematic risk is eliminated. The Beta covers the portion of systematic risk which is very relevant. Another similarity between both the models is that both of them are useful for calculating the market return for a portfolio mixed having the same factors. It is considered that all the investors have same expectations and all of them are considered rational. Now lets us understand the differences between the two models. We have already discussed about the fact that how capital asset pricing models help the investor balance is portfolios and capital market is one of the most prominent and efficient frontier to capital asset pricing model. Although the CML is majorly used for allocation of funds to make a perfectly balanced portfolio, the CAPM is used mostly for the purpose of security pricing. A capital market line is included in the capital asset pricing model whose slope is represented using the Sharpes ratio. The return earned per unit of risk taken is the Sharpes ratio. When we represent both the model in a single graph, then we can see that the capital asset pricing model covers a wide area as compared to the capital market line. The capital asset pricing model depicts all the possible combination of risk free and risk weighted assets to the investors whereas the capital market line shows the best possible combination available in th e CAPM. The CAPM model represents both the efficient and inefficient portfolios whereas the CML represents only the efficient portfolios. If we take a portfolio in a CAPM world we will see that it is not necessarily on the capital market line, this is because the capital asset pricing model is concerned only with systematic risk. The efficiency of the capital market line is comparatively more when compared with the that of capital market line. We can conclude that both the model move in same direction when it comes to investment management. There are many differences in the theories but these have a common theme which is used by the investors and the portfolio managers to maintain a balance which is according to the investors wish and his expectations. These models provide proper information to the investors so that they make a wise decision for the investment plan and achieve the expected returns. These models play a major role in capital budgeting and so is considered very relevant. References: Bierman, H. and Smidt, S. (1993). The capital budgeting decision. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2002). Capital budgeting. 1st ed. New York, NY: Wiley.

Mass Media & Society Essays - Media Studies, Criminology

Mass Media & Society December 8, 1999 COM 150 Final Exam Essay #5: In what ways, and to what extent, has television transformed modern American culture? How is it likely to impact America in the future? Spokesmen for the broadcast industry have taken the position that violence on television has had no effect on the behavior of the viewer. However, considering that television is an industry that sells commercial time with the specific intent to influence the viewers purchasing behavior. Both broadcasters and media activists have collected data on the number of violent acts portrayed during entertainment programming and effects of viewing television violence. More important, the industry conducted research and subscribed to rating systems to ascertain what people were watching. Numbers were most important because network and station revenues were not impacted by the effects of television, but by the numbers of people of a specific age range (market segment) who were watching television. As time went on, it became clear to media researchers that no single study points to television violence as a cause of aggressive or violent behavior, but that television is certainly a contributing factor to an individuals aggressive behavior and to the problem of violence in American society. Research has also pointed towards two other effects. They are developing insensibility to violence and an excessive fear of violence. According to Dr. George Gerbner, this is called the mean world syndrome where the viewer perceives the world as more violent that it actually is. In 1993, a law was passed that requires manufacturers to install a V-Chip in new television sets. But there are many doubts that it will make a big difference in children in society today. Teenagers will find a way around it. Children will still see programs at the homes of other children. It will take years to get the V-chip installed in every television. The V-chip is a gimmick, and what about computer censorship? Children are on the computer almost as much as they are watching TV, how are we to control this factor also? America has been revolving its world around television for the last 40 years. It has had seem negative effects on society and children especially, but now how are we supposed to deal with the Internet? Web browsers like America Online have parental controls which can limit e-mail, control chat, instant message conversations, and more. I think that this is getting to be almost as big as an issue as television. Modern American culture is made up of Briteny Spears, Ricky Martin, the GAP , and Pokemon. Children are growing up faster than normal and in the future who knows what will happen to innocence that children usually had until their mid-teens at least. For example, my cousin who is in the fifth grade, told me that one of her friends was telling people that she had unprotected sex without a condom and was pregnant at the age of 11. When I was 11, I dont think I knew what sex really was, and that was only eight years ago. Specialists may say that media and television isnt effecting our world today, but then what is? What is our excuse for the increased violence in schools and shootings that seem to happen every couple of months? I remember in high school when some of the bad kids would get sent home for bringing a swiss army knife to school and I thought that was bad behavior. It makes me wonder how my kids are going to be in 10 or 15 years from now, and it scares me to death. Essay #4: If one morning you woke up and found that somehow you had been transformed into Bill Clinton and could propose Congress federal legislation to change the regulation of any mass media, what would (or wouldnt) you do, and why? What would the manifest effects be? What latent effects might also occur? Even though I just wrote an essay on how violence on television effects the behavior of people, I dont know what else can be done to prevent it. Broadcasters arent going to take their multi-million dollar industries off the air just because some analysts have said that it effects society in a negative way. Besides,