White Dominance During The Post Segregation Era - 945 Words

White Dominance in the Post-Segregation Era Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun, addresses the hardships of an African-American family living in the projects of post-segregation Chicago. The family aspires to fulfill their dreams of owning a home despite the odds they face. W.E.B Du Bois critical race theory explains the issue of racism and white dominance that not only the family in the play faces, but the African-American community as a whole. American society only allows for African-Americans to see themselves only through the eyes of others, according to W.E.B. Du Bois’ theory of double consciousness. Du Bois also claimed that a person’s self-identity is influenced by historical and social circumstances, and in this case for African-Americans, the effects of slavery, prejudice and segregation. (Giddens 17) In A Raisin in the Sun, the Younger family face their double consciousness. The family’s ultimate goal in the play is to move out of the slums of Chicago to a neighborhood called Clyborne Park. The Younger’s find themselves hesitant about the move because it is a white community. Aware of the prejudice they face the Youngers have to wait even longer to move out of the projects. The effects of segregation/discrimination are everlasting, and the family not wanting to make the move unintendedly contributes to the continuation of racial segregation. Subsequently, Karl Linder, the only character in the play that is white, represents the white community thatShow MoreRelatedJIM CORW LAWS Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesexpectation that they would enjoy all civil liberties. The post-Civil War period of Reconstruction provided freedmen with various rights, but in little over a decade, the promise of emancipation and equal rights was gone, replaced by rigid system of laws designed to keep blacks from experiencing any of their newly achieved rights, which is known as the era of Jim Crow, the American form of racial Apartheid that separated Americans into two groups: whites, the so-called superiors and blacks, the inferiorsRead MoreThe Roots of Apartheid: South Africa’s Colonial Experience Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesin the post-World War II period. However, one topic remains largely un-researched—the origins of the vast apartheid structure instituted by the Herenigde (Reunited) National Party (HNP) in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, different an d larger than any other nation’s program . Apartheid had long existed in most nations, but its continued stay is a South African peculiarity . Although most African nations had similar racial discrimination programs during the colonial period, during the post-colonialRead MoreImpact Of Reconstruction779 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture. During the post-Civil War time period, Radical Republicans and other societal activists made significant efforts in the realm of civil rights. Throughout the time period, three new constitutional amendments were created, education was expanded, and the black population was able to participate in politics at a notable level for the first time in American history. However, like all social movements, there was ultimately pushback to Reconstruction policies. Although the Reconstruction Era led toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Chesnutt Uses Mixed Race Characters 1675 Words   |  7 Pagesrace characters, which have both black and white ancestors and these characters display the conflicts between black and white societies. Within the novel, Janet Miller is the best example of a mixed race character. 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Both Plessey an d Brown are landmark cases becauseRead MoreRacial Discrimination During The Second World War1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe decades during the second World War presented multiple forms of racial discrimination, affecting the functions and moods of domestic communities, including outside influences, social prejudice, and economic discrimination in both America and Europe. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the young narrator named Scout witnesses racial tensions in the glacial-paced town of Maycomb shake up the community, and create grand-scale cracks in the ground contrasting opinions and revealing hypocrisies hidden underneathRead MoreAfrican Americans and Southern Racism During Reconstruction1501 Words   |  7 Pagesformer slave owners and former slaves. The majority of the South remained set in racist behavior, finding post-Civil War legal loopholes to diminish African American rights (Tindall amp; Shi, 2010, pp. 757-758). Southerners continued to marginalize Blacks in their behavior toward ex-slaves and the later African American generation, continuing the escalation of racial tensions through white terror and discriminatory attitudes (Tindall amp; Shi, 2010, p. 759). Most subversively, southern newspapersRead MoreSouth Afric A Vast History Of Colonialism, Migration, And Migration1605 Words   |  7 PagesOverview: South Africa has a vast history of colonialism, migration and emigration, racial and gender segregation, epidemics, income inequality and extreme violence that has intrinsically affected and shaped the Healthcare System (South Africa Info, 2015). The apartheid is a major contributor of the problematic health system. Although, development in the public healthcare sector has occurred over the years, it still lacks adequate leadership and good management. Despite the policies initiated toRead MoreThe French Indian War And The American Colonization Of North America1326 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, mostly due to issues and events in Europe, the British left the colonists to their own devices (salutary neglect) and they prospered until the French-Indian War (1754-1763). The spirit of independence cultivated in the American colonists during the past era was challenged by the heightened British presence after the French-Indian War. The colonists increasingly resented the high tariffs placed to eliminate British debt and the colonists protested the British until open rebellion was sparked atRead MoreWomen Of The 1940 S1796 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Yesil, (2004), women entered wartime jobs not simply out of their response to patriotic pleas, but out of the continuity of the working patterns they had established prior to World War 11. It was believed that women who found employment during the war were entering the job market for the ï ¬ rst time. However; 29% of women workers in 1944–1945 had actually worked more than 10 years; and another 19% more than 5 years. (Yesil, 2004). As a result of women entering the workforce in large numbers

Women in the Enlightenment Essay - 1406 Words

The Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more and the advances in scientific and educated thinking, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to further their status, enlightened women published pamphlets and other works advocating for educational rights and political recognition. Even with this evolution of woman in society, many still clung to the belief that the role of the woman was solely†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nevertheless, faith in knowledge and reason and in the progress they were held certain to achieve remained the dominant characteristic of the Enlightenment.† With the change in political climate, wom en began to grasp the idea of reason in the new society. There was a fight for education, professionalism, and citizenship. The change that the Enlightenment brought to the world, gave women the lifeline they needed to pull away from their domesticated roles as housekeepers, wives, and mothers. â€Å"Above all, perhaps, the rationalists of the eighteenth century aroused the social conscience of mankind and stimulated the humanitarianism.† The Enlightenment allowed a period of educational growth to begin. A new love for knowledge and debate sprung up throughout the century. Women joined in with the intellectual banter by starting salons. â€Å"If Voltaire transformed the thoughts, and Rousseau the feelings, of the eighteenth century, it was the salons of Paris that the new conceptions of ‘reason’ and ‘nature,’ of ‘free thought’ and the importance of the individual, were sifted, codified, and eventually imposed.† Women played a central role in the organization of these intellectual gatherings, holding them in their homes. They invited prominent, academically inclined men to join together to share ideas, in which the lady of the home regulated with agendas and topics. Women were able to be present when men spoke of the political, social, andShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality of Women in the Enlightenment Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sexes: Inequality of Women During the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a period when clusters of philosophers, writers, scholars, and aristocrats sharply debated standards and assumptions about womens rights in society. Issues that pertained to widening the womens sphere into more than just the household, questioning the ability of women to logic as men, and debating egalitarian co-educational opportunities for both boys and girls. This was a time when women started to come forth asRead MoreUpdating Motherhood: Science and the Enlightenment of Women4934 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿Updating Motherhood 2.0: Science and the Enlightenment of Women Before there was the enlightenment of women there was a scientific revolution. And one of the critical facts of that transformation was a notion by the men of science that they should not look back to the works and understandings of the past (Brown, 2008). Without the benefit of objective theories and practices, that knowledge was at best untrustworthy and surely contaminated by the minds of the untrained. In such an environmentRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Enlightenment Movement Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pages  Though women made up a significant part of an artist’s workshop crew, there is little documentation or representation of women as the artists or artisans in the writings and illustrations from The Encyclopà ©die, which represents one of France’s greatest contributions and influences on The Enlightenment movement. Though a majority of the illustrative plates of the Encyclopà ©die do not include any people, as the plates are mostly diagrams about anatomy, scientific concepts, machines, instrumentsRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Renaissance And Enlightenment991 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the history of Europe, the role of women has drastically been altered. The Middle Ages saw peasant women working side by side with their husbands and taking care of their children at home. As time passed by, women were given an increased amount of rights, and then the cottage industry took over, providing thousands of women the opportunity to work as in the comfort of their home. The eruption of the agricultural revolution and technological advance soon swept England and the continentRead MoreWomen and the Enlightenment vs. Patriarchal Society Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the 19th century women suffered a great deal of abhorrence, relegation, discrimination and subjugation. The traditional women roles were limited to the categorical imperatives of society. Women lacked equality and humanistic significance based on these roles as a domesticated women. The types of jobs accessible were being a housewife, procreating children, being payless maids, a secretary, and anything else considered an inferior occupation subjected under the dominated males, particularlyRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Enlightenment And Transcendental Period1637 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2014 The Roles of Women during the Enlightenment and Transcendental Period: The Tell of Rowson versus Fuller Throughout history the majority of the time when someone is telling women how to behave that someone is a man, but in Susan Rowson and Margret Fullers case they felt the need to tell their fellow females the proper way to behave in their society, rather it was with or against popular belief. Rowson was writing during the Early Republic, Enlightenment Era when women were told to be seenRead MoreEnlightenment Rationalism and Romantic Subjectivism1187 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Enlightenment Rationalism and Romantic Subjectivism In the eighteenth century social theories had a huge impact on individuals within a society. Two social theories in particular came to be during radical times. The enlightenment rationalism theory was based on human reason and rational thought. The romantic subjectivism theory was based on the importance of individual freedom with an emphasis on the subjective mind and culture. These two social theories were both highly influential during theirRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement of Enlightment828 Words   |  3 PagesThe intellectual movement of Enlightenment was a very intricate movement that was centralized on the concepts of progression, reasoning, and the scientific method. The Enlightenment thinkers believed they could implement some of these ideas to create a better influence towards societies and people. These ideas changed how humanity viewed the government, politics, and society. Although each philosopher had their own individual concept, they all centered on the themes of e quality and freedom. ThomasRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Women1237 Words   |  5 PagesRights of Women†, written by Olympe De Gouges, is a document that proves how in the 1790’ s women were trying to break-free from the belief that men have all the rights. This document was published in 1791 and it was made in comparison to the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† which was published in 1789. Olympe De Gouges wrote this document because she felt that despite having the French Revolution women were not receiving the rights they deserve. In the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Women† OlympeRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement of Elightment759 Words   |  3 Pages 1. The intellectual movement of Enlightenment was a very intricate movement that was centralized on the concepts of progression, reasoning, and the scientific method. The Enlightenment thinkers believed they could implement some of these ideas towards societies and people. These ideas changed how humanity viewed the government, politics, and society. Although each philosopher had their own individual concept, they all centered on the themes of equality and freedom. Thomas Hobbes believed that religion

Capital Budgeting Decision and Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Capital Budgeting Decision and Analysis. Answer: The sensitivity analysis which is also known as what if analysis and stimulation analysis is considered very important for decision making as it tells us that whether the estimations are right or wrong. The sensitivity analysis is an approach made to determine how the values of an independent variable affect some other variable which is dependent on various situations are completely different. An analysis of the influence of decisions and its impact on different variable becomes very simple with the help of this approach. The analysts use it to determine how the change of one variable affects the other variables. The sensitivity analysis has a very limited scope. For example, the effect of change in the rate of interest. Relationship between sensitivity analysis and the capital budgeting techniques. It can be well understood with the help of the sensitivity analysis the various possible outcomes and whether the estimations made were correct or incorrect. Sensitivity analysis also helps us to know and measure the impact or the influence on the finances due to the changes in the estimations that were made. This analysis is a used as tool which has helped the managers to identify the reason for not achieving expected targets and helps them to take certain corrective steps to rectify the mistakes in future. Such steps help the company in improving and taking good decisions for the investments. It is not necessary that the estimations will match will the actual result. So in capital budgeting, Sensitivity analysis depicts the changes in the assumptions. This can be better explained with the help of an example; a company estimated that it would generate $700 each year for consecutive three years. A decision was taken by the investors to invest $2100 in the first year itself based on their expectations. However, the investors found that there was a change at the end of the first year. The expectations of the investors increased seeing the companys performance and it expected that the company would generate $1400 for the remaining two years. This would breakeven the investment in the second year itself. Therefore, it can be concluded that sensitivity analysis is very useful in determining the changes and its effects. Example of Sensitivity Analysis. A sales manager Mr. Zen was keen to know and understand the effect of more customers on sales. Based on the information he comes to know that the sales are a function of price and the transaction volume. In the previous year Mr. Zen sold 100 pieces of the goods, the selling price of each good was $1000. So, he could generate revenue of $100000. The sales managers finds out the customer behaviour and finally draws a conclusion that if the customers base is increases by 10% then the sales volume will also increase by 5%. We can say that any change in the customer base will affect the sales of the company. Such information is very useful in building a financial equation. The relevance of Sensitive analysis can also be understood with the help of this example. We know business has a dynamic nature and there are many uncertainties today. So, Scenario analysis works as an analytical tool which is useful for ascertaining the possible outcomes. This is an analytical tool and should not be regarded as a predictive mechanism. There are three scenarios which the analyst uses to identify the possible outcomes. They are best case, base case and worst case. The best case is the one in which it is assumed that everything will move in a correct manner and the worst case is just the opposite in which it is assumed that all the assumptions will be a failure. This makes the analyst proactive and he takes steps before there is a situation of worst case. The analyst does not know what exactly will happen but he gets the idea of the situations that may arise. Relationship between Scenario analysis with capital budgeting. In capital budgeting we make estimations which may differ from the actual outcome, in order to eliminate any kind of confusion in the process of decision making we extend the sensitive analysis to scenario analysis. In scenario analysis, one of the method is using the extreme situations. In case of Scenario analysis, a preventive step is already taken from before so that the results are positive. This is because the worst case and the base case can be compared with the base case. Comparision of Sensitive Analysis and Scenario Analysis. It is very important to look at different aspects of an investment plan to make a wise decision. This decision can be efficiently taken with the help of two tools namely Sensitive analysis and Scenario analysis. The two tools that are used are in no way similar to each other (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2002). A sensitive analysis informs the investors about the uncertainties that may arise whereas the scenario analysis helps us to determine the different possible outcomes and its effects. Therefore, we can say that a scenario analysis may involve the use of sensitive analysis but it is not necessary that the sensitive analysis will involve the use of scenario analysis. The sensitive analysis is totally based on assumptions but the scenario analysis is a test which depicts all the possible outcomes. We can draw conclusion that Sensitive analysis and Scenario analysis both play a major role in preparing the best plan. It is very relevant for Capital Budgeting. It is not necessary that both the tools move in opposite direction, there are certain situations where both of them move in same direction also. These tools help the investors to prevent taking wrong decision and also provide them a mere idea of the future consequences. It makes them pro active and so they are able to stop themselves from taking wrong decisions. The analysts are greatly helped because of these tools which help them to analyse the uncertainties and take further steps to prevent it. If the outcomes are positive it also provides information about the field of improvement. Capital Asset Pricing Model and Capital Market Line. The capital asset pricing model is one of the most useful and famous methods of financial management which is used to calculate the required rate of return. The sensitivity of any particular asset to its unsystematic risk is taken into consideration with the help of this method. The unsystematic risk is also known as the non-diversifiable risk. The symbol that is used to denote risk is Beta. This Beta is the sensitivity of asset with respect to any movements happening in the market. Capital asset pricing model can be better understood with the help of the following equation. Re= Rf+(Rm-Rf) Re stands for the required rate of return, Rm stands for the returns from the market, Rf stands for risk free returns and Beta () is the risk. In order to understand this model more properly we first have to understand this equation and its components more properly. Risk free returns include returns from investment in government bonds and securities, these returns are the benchmark. The return in these kind of investments are generally low and only those people who are scared of taking risk invest in such bonds. Rf provides a little higher risk than Rf but only those people who are not risk averse invest in such securities. The rate of market index is easily determined with the help of Rm. Any movement in the market affect the returns on the asset is measured using Beta. These are all the components that are used to calculate the expected or required rate of return using capital asset pricing model. The efficient frontier to the capital asset pricing model is the capital market line. Any point on the capital market line shows the efficient portfolio which is made by using both return on market portfolio and risk free returns. The area which is below the capital market line is inefficient and will not let the investors get returns upto their expectations. Similarly, it is also not feasible for investors to invest their funds over the capital market line. Standard deviation is used to measure the risk involved in the investment. The capital market line is one of the most efficient line which helps the investors to determine the risk and ascertain the expected rate of returns. The main purpose is to show the allocation between the risk free return and risk market portfolio. An investor should analyse the degree of risk involved before taking any kind of investment decision. It is with the help of modern portfolio theory that how the investors can invest in risk free and weighted assets in order to get returns. We have also studied that with the increase in the risk the returns also increases. To understand this concept more properly, capital asset pricing model is used which helps the investors maintain a balance between the required rate of return and the existing market factors. There are a number of similarities between the capital asset pricing model and the capital market line (Bierman and Smidt, 1993). Both these model makes the decision making of the investors easier as it help them to measure the risk involved both in risk free and risk weighted assets. These theories are based on the same assumptions that all assets are correctly priced and that the market is in equilibrium. The theme of both these models is that the investors are considered rational and they invest is such a manner that the unsystematic risk is eliminated. The Beta covers the portion of systematic risk which is very relevant. Another similarity between both the models is that both of them are useful for calculating the market return for a portfolio mixed having the same factors. It is considered that all the investors have same expectations and all of them are considered rational. Now lets us understand the differences between the two models. We have already discussed about the fact that how capital asset pricing models help the investor balance is portfolios and capital market is one of the most prominent and efficient frontier to capital asset pricing model. Although the CML is majorly used for allocation of funds to make a perfectly balanced portfolio, the CAPM is used mostly for the purpose of security pricing. A capital market line is included in the capital asset pricing model whose slope is represented using the Sharpes ratio. The return earned per unit of risk taken is the Sharpes ratio. When we represent both the model in a single graph, then we can see that the capital asset pricing model covers a wide area as compared to the capital market line. The capital asset pricing model depicts all the possible combination of risk free and risk weighted assets to the investors whereas the capital market line shows the best possible combination available in th e CAPM. The CAPM model represents both the efficient and inefficient portfolios whereas the CML represents only the efficient portfolios. If we take a portfolio in a CAPM world we will see that it is not necessarily on the capital market line, this is because the capital asset pricing model is concerned only with systematic risk. The efficiency of the capital market line is comparatively more when compared with the that of capital market line. We can conclude that both the model move in same direction when it comes to investment management. There are many differences in the theories but these have a common theme which is used by the investors and the portfolio managers to maintain a balance which is according to the investors wish and his expectations. These models provide proper information to the investors so that they make a wise decision for the investment plan and achieve the expected returns. These models play a major role in capital budgeting and so is considered very relevant. References: Bierman, H. and Smidt, S. (1993). The capital budgeting decision. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2002). Capital budgeting. 1st ed. New York, NY: Wiley.

Mass Media & Society Essays - Media Studies, Criminology

Mass Media & Society December 8, 1999 COM 150 Final Exam Essay #5: In what ways, and to what extent, has television transformed modern American culture? How is it likely to impact America in the future? Spokesmen for the broadcast industry have taken the position that violence on television has had no effect on the behavior of the viewer. However, considering that television is an industry that sells commercial time with the specific intent to influence the viewers purchasing behavior. Both broadcasters and media activists have collected data on the number of violent acts portrayed during entertainment programming and effects of viewing television violence. More important, the industry conducted research and subscribed to rating systems to ascertain what people were watching. Numbers were most important because network and station revenues were not impacted by the effects of television, but by the numbers of people of a specific age range (market segment) who were watching television. As time went on, it became clear to media researchers that no single study points to television violence as a cause of aggressive or violent behavior, but that television is certainly a contributing factor to an individuals aggressive behavior and to the problem of violence in American society. Research has also pointed towards two other effects. They are developing insensibility to violence and an excessive fear of violence. According to Dr. George Gerbner, this is called the mean world syndrome where the viewer perceives the world as more violent that it actually is. In 1993, a law was passed that requires manufacturers to install a V-Chip in new television sets. But there are many doubts that it will make a big difference in children in society today. Teenagers will find a way around it. Children will still see programs at the homes of other children. It will take years to get the V-chip installed in every television. The V-chip is a gimmick, and what about computer censorship? Children are on the computer almost as much as they are watching TV, how are we to control this factor also? America has been revolving its world around television for the last 40 years. It has had seem negative effects on society and children especially, but now how are we supposed to deal with the Internet? Web browsers like America Online have parental controls which can limit e-mail, control chat, instant message conversations, and more. I think that this is getting to be almost as big as an issue as television. Modern American culture is made up of Briteny Spears, Ricky Martin, the GAP , and Pokemon. Children are growing up faster than normal and in the future who knows what will happen to innocence that children usually had until their mid-teens at least. For example, my cousin who is in the fifth grade, told me that one of her friends was telling people that she had unprotected sex without a condom and was pregnant at the age of 11. When I was 11, I dont think I knew what sex really was, and that was only eight years ago. Specialists may say that media and television isnt effecting our world today, but then what is? What is our excuse for the increased violence in schools and shootings that seem to happen every couple of months? I remember in high school when some of the bad kids would get sent home for bringing a swiss army knife to school and I thought that was bad behavior. It makes me wonder how my kids are going to be in 10 or 15 years from now, and it scares me to death. Essay #4: If one morning you woke up and found that somehow you had been transformed into Bill Clinton and could propose Congress federal legislation to change the regulation of any mass media, what would (or wouldnt) you do, and why? What would the manifest effects be? What latent effects might also occur? Even though I just wrote an essay on how violence on television effects the behavior of people, I dont know what else can be done to prevent it. Broadcasters arent going to take their multi-million dollar industries off the air just because some analysts have said that it effects society in a negative way. Besides,

Sigmund Freud Essays (4800 words) - Freudian Psychology, Id

Sigmund Freud Essays (4800 words) - Freudian Psychology, Id Sigmund Freud Many believe Freud to be the father of modern psychiatry and psychology and the only psychiatrist of any worth. He is certainly the most well known figure, perhaps because sex played such a prominent role in his system. There are other psychologists, however, whose theories demand respectful consideration. Erik Erickson, born Eric Homburger, whose theories while not as titillating as Freud's, are just as sound. This paper will compare the two great men and their systems. In addition, this paper will argue that Freud offers the more useful foundation for understanding the Jenny Masterson's confused psyche. Sigmund Freud showed signs of independence and brilliance well before entering the University of Vienna in 1873. He had a prodigious memory and loved reading to the point of running himself into debt at various bookstores. Among his favorite authors were Goethe, Shakespeare, Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche. To avoid disruption of his studies, he often ate in his room. After medical school, Freud began a private practice, specializing in nervous disorders. He was soon faced with patients whose disorders made no neurological sense. For example, a patient might have lost feeling in his foot with no evidence to any sensory nerve damage. Freud wondered if the problem could be psychological rather than physiological. Dr. Freud evolved as he treated patients and analyzed himself. He recorded his assessment and expounded his theories in 24 volumes published between 1888 and 1939. Although his first book, The Interpretation of Dreams, sold only 600 copies in its first eight years of publication, his ideas gradually began to attract faithful followers and students - along with a great number of critics. While exploring the possible psychological roots of nervous disorders, Freud spent several months in Paris, studying with Jean Charcot, a French neurologist from whom he learned hypnosis. On return to Vienna, Freud began to hypnotize patients and encouraging them while under hypnosis to speak openly about themselves and the onset of their symptoms. Often the patients responded freely, and upon reviewing their past, became quite upset and agitated. By this process, some saw their symptoms lessened or banished entirely. It was in this way that Freud discovered what he termed the "unconscious." Piecing together his patients' accounts of their lives, he decided that the loss of feeling in one's hand might be caused by, say, the fear of touching one's genitals; blindness or deafness might be caused by the fear of hearing or seeing something that might arouse grief or distress. Over time, Freud saw hundreds of patients. He soon recognized that hypnosis was not as helpful as he had first hoped. He thus pioneered a new technique termed "free association." Patients were told to relax and say whatever came to mind, no matter how mortifying or irrelevant. Freud believed that free association produced a chain of thought that was linked to the unconscious, and often painful, memories of childhood. Freud called this process psychoanalysis. Underlying Freud's psychoanalytic perception of personality was his belief that the mind was akin to an iceberg - most of it was hidden from view. The conscious awareness is the part of the iceberg that is above the surface but below the surface is a much larger unconscious region that contains feelings, wishes and memories of which persons are largely unaware. Some thoughts are stored temporarily in a preconscious area, from where they can be retrieved at will. However, Freud was more interested in the mass of thought and feeling that are repressed - forcibly blocked from conscious thought because it would be too painful to acknowledge. Freud believed that these repressed materials unconsciously exert a powerful influence on behavior and choices. Freud believed that dreams and slips of tongue and pen were windows to his patient's unconscious. Intrusive thoughts or seemingly trivial errors while reading, writing and speaking suggested to Freud that what is said and done reflects the working of the unconscious. Jokes especially were an outlet for expressing repressed sexual and aggressive tendencies. For Freud, nothing was accidental. Freud believed that human personality, expressed emotions, strivings, and beliefs arise from a conflict between the aggressive, pleasure-seeking, biological impulses and the social restraints against their expression. This conflict between expression and repression, in ways that

Periscope Inventors Sir Howard Grubb and Simon Lake

Periscope Inventors Sir Howard Grubb and Simon Lake A periscope  is an optical device for conducting observations from a concealed or protected position. Simple periscopes consist of reflecting mirrors and/or prisms at opposite ends of a tube container. The reflecting surfaces are parallel to each other and at a 45 ° angle to the axis of the tube. The Military This basic form of periscope, with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in the trenches during  World War I. Military personnel also use periscopes in some  gun turrets. Tanks  use periscopes extensively: They allow military personnel to check out their situation without leaving the safety of the tank. An important development, the  Gundlach rotary periscope, incorporated a rotating top, allowing a tank commander to obtain a 360-degree field of view without moving his seat.  This design, patented by  Rudolf Gundlach  in 1936, first saw use in the  Polish  7-TP  light tank (produced from 1935 to 1939).   Periscopes also  enabled soldiers to see over the tops of trenches, thus avoiding exposure to enemy fire (especially from snipers).  During  World War II, artillery observers and officers used specifically-manufactured periscope binoculars with different mountings. More complex periscopes, using  prisms  and/or advanced fiber optics instead of mirrors, and providing magnification, operate on  submarines  and in various fields of science. The overall design of the classical submarine periscope is very simple: two telescopes pointed into each other. If the two telescopes have different individual magnification, the difference between them causes an overall magnification or reduction.​ Sir Howard Grubb   The Navy attributes the invention of the periscope (1902) to Simon Lake and the perfection of the periscope to Sir Howard Grubb. For all its innovations,  USS Holland  had at least one major flaw; lack of vision when submerged. The submarine had to broach the surface so the crew could look out through windows in the conning tower. Broaching deprived the Holland of one of the submarine’s greatest advantages – stealth. Lack of vision, when submerged, was eventually corrected when Simon Lake used prisms and lenses to develop the omniscope, forerunner of the periscope. Sir Howard Grubb, a designer of astronomical instruments, developed the modern periscope that was first used in Holland-designed British Royal Navy submarines. For more than 50 years, the periscope was the submarine’s only visual aid until underwater television was installed aboard the nuclear-powered submarine  USS Nautilus. Thomas Grubb (1800-1878) founded a telescope-making firm in Dublin. Sir Howard Grubbs father was noted for inventing and constructing machinery for printing. In the early 1830s, he made an observatory for his own use equipped with a 9-inch (23cm) telescope. Thomas Grubbs youngest son Howard (1844-1931) joined the firm in 1865, under his hand the company gained a reputation for the first-class Grubb telescopes. During the First World War, demand was on Grubbs factory to make gunsights and periscopes for the war effort and it was during those years that Grubb perfected the periscopes design.

Auto industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auto industry - Essay Example This is meant to ensure that there are no delays that can witnessed in the manufacture of the automobiles. Careful management of the supply chain entails that the automobile manufacturer will be in a better position to meet its target. Essentially, the aim of business is to make profits and this can be possible if an organization is capable of meeting its demand at a particular time. There should be no loopholes in the supply chain in order for the organization to operate effectively and efficiently. The other reason for managing the supply chain is related to the aspect of maintaining quality. Different companies can supply the same component required in making automobiles. However, the likely challenge to be encountered is that the quality of the components supplied by different suppliers may differ. Some parts supplied may be substandard and this can compromise the quality of the final product manufactured. It is the duty of the automobile manufacturer to outline the standard expectations with regards to the quality of the components supplied by different suppliers. Ensuring high quality components supplied can be achieved through establishing a quality assurance department within the manufacturing plant that would be responsible for ensuring that the parts supplied meet the standards. Defective components can be rejected and if needs be, these can be replaced with quality products. The other reason why managing the supply chain is important is about creating a good relationship with the suppliers. This is very important since this means that aspects such as pricing can be negotiated. A reputable car manufacturer can negotiate the prices of different components that are used in manufacturing automobiles. This is very important since the best deals can be achieved. Favorable prices of the components required for making cars mean that the final prices of the ultimate

Merger of HSBC and Oman international bank Essay

Merger of HSBC and Oman international bank - Essay Example Using secondary research and quantitative analysis, this research aimed at testing how the hypothesis that mergers incurring high leverage levels succeed under normal markets. The study results show that mergers incurring high leverage levels also incur higher financial risks. Contemporary business models face various challenges among them competitiveness of rivals and economic landscape. The unpredictability of the economic environment has pushed companies to take various measures among them mergers and acquisitions. Since this research is focused on mergers, it considers mergers as the collaboration of two mature business entities. Mergers have different meanings to different entities. To the most important stakeholders, the parent companies, use mergers are partnering to explore a common business interest. On the other hand, mergers mean the teamwork between businesses with a common business goal. The difference between business goals and business interests is that the former indicates the plan of a business and how it plans on meeting various financial and operational goals. On the other hand, business interests involve common ambitions as well as shared vision of taking opportunities head on. However, business interest take on the assumption that the market has a gap that the merging companies have to collaborate to ensure success is achieved in the most financially and economically effective manner possible. Five types of merges are identified within the business environment. Among these includes the horizontal, product extension, market extension, vertical, and conglomeration. Horizontal mergers involve two companies which are in direct competition with each other. The motive of this type of merger is to cut down on competition and maximize on factors that can improve the economic footing of both companies. Vertical mergers include a customer and company.

The happy slapping craze is now Essay Example for Free

The happy slapping craze is now Essay The germans have a word for taking pleasure in someone elses misery its called schardenfoirde. It soudnlike some weird psychological theory. The basic translation means to laugh at someone elses misfortune. . We all do it, people are always secretly happy when something goes wrong for someone else because theyre glad its not happening to them. Like in youve been framed, when a man slips on wet concrete much to the delight of the audience. but schardenfroide can sometimes go very wrong, I knew a guy called Joseph once, he was one of those people who all the boys wanted to be and all the girls wanted to be with. Hes just got amazing Alevel results and was on the bus just minding his own business when he got a brick to the back of the head and died. They caught the guys who murdered him, in their defence, the guys said it wasnt murder, it was just happy slapping. To them it was just pure entertainment. Thats what happy slappers do, they go around and slap, smack, set fire to people while videoing it so they can watch it and be entertained later. The happy slapping craze is now a nationwide phenomenon. But as its moved from London to the home counties to the north of England, so the attacks have become more menacing, with increasing numbers of severely violent assaults In the past 6 months police have investigated 200 happy slapping incidents in London alone and earlier this year, some schools even went so far as to ban camera phones because they were worrid this would increase playground bullying. Leonard Cohen sang iv seen the future, brother: it is murder. And with happy slapping becoming more and more violent and universal he may not have been that wrong. So be careful when your out and about doing your christmas shoping or even just sitting on the bus, plaese just be vigilant and aware of whats going on around you.

The Extra Value Meal :: Creative Writing Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aaron lit a Basic brand cigarette as Amir pulled his beat up 1976 snot green Chevy Nova into the crowded parking lot of the McDonalds on Route 1 in Saugus, Massachusetts. He always seemed to do this to himself; lighting cigarettes when he'd just have to snipe them out on the bottom of his tattered army boot. He put his pointer finger to his head and pantomimed shooting himself. Amir glanced at him uneasily, then scanned the lot for an open space.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aaron drew hard on his cigarette, filling his lungs with as much smoke as possible. He needed to get as much nicotine as time allowed. He shut his eyes, flicked his tongue against his sterling silver lip ring, spinning it in the hole. It hurt a little. "Probably fuckin' infected," Aaron chuckled, thinking of the night he pierced it himself, using only a heated up safety pin and a bottle of Smirnov vodka for a pain killer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amir pulled into a handicap spot. "You can't park here," Aaron said.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Sure I can," Amir replied. Aaron studied the face of the Bosnian Immigrant. Amir had fought for two years in the war against the Serbs. His face was remarkably pleasant, although his eyes looked as if they belonged to a forty year old man and not a seventeen year old boy. His tan skin and wide smile seemed out of place when one took in Amir's mohawk and torn black t-shirt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "It's a handicap spot."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Exactly," Amir said with a smirk. "I got you in my car, and you're a retard."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Fuck you," Aaron said, "I'll blast you Sylvester Stallone style."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amir burst into hysterical laughter. "You watch too much television."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aaron shrugged and slowly exhaled through his nose, decorated with a silver hoop ring through his septum (also self-pinned). He caught sight of himself in the rearview mirror. He felt cold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His eyes were alert, almost piercing. Around those fiery, stabbing eyes were lines of sadness, although he was also only seventeen. His hair was bleached blonde and messy --Johnny Rotten messy. His face was long and thin, a result of many days of not eating, either because he had no money for food or because he simply forgot to eat. He was menacing, with his facial piercings and angry eyes, but there was something about his mouth, a kind of innocent smirk that gave hint of something real within his hard, rough punk rock shell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amir got out of the car slowly, stretching out his arms. Aaron caught glimpse of something wild and almost ancient in Amir's eyes. He got out, too,

Discuss the following Essay

A staff meeting has been called for all members of the administrative department at the hospital where you work. Due to a change in patients’ needs, the hours of operation need to be modified.   Several scheduling options are presented and a decision has to be made. Should this decision be made by a majority vote, or a consensus? Support your choice with   reasoning from the decision making section on page 98 of your GMC. I think that due to the time and hours of operation that it should be a majority vote for the reason or reasons outlined below: 1.Since there is only the matter of counting votes, decisions can be reached much more quickly with majority rule. Majority rule does not require the same level of interpersonal communication. It is a democratic process which ultimately comes down to simple mathematics. This method of decision-making, outside of registration, is often anonymous. The nature of the process, in many cases, allows individuals to maintain their privacy, as others cannot know with certainty, for whom or what a person has voted. A disadvantage of majority rule is the majority’s ability to vote against the interests and preferences of those in the minority without those groups or individuals being heard or involved in the discussion. Those in the minority may be disenfranchised and remove themselves from the decision-making process because they are aware they do not have the numbers to win or significantly impact the vote.

Critical Lens Essay Quote Essay

Nicholas Cage once said that, â€Å"I like flawed characters because somewhere in them I see more of the truth.† This quotes means that characters are much more unrealistic when they are perfect. Characters with flaws give the reader a more accurate view of humanity because all people have flaws. The short story â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† by James Hurst and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe are two works of literature that support this quote. In both of these works, it is evident that the two main characters from both stories both have very tragic flaws. These make the story more interesting to read because after reading it reveals the true nature of mankind. â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† by James Hurst shows that the narrator of the story has tragic flaws and being embarrassed of his disabled brother so he teaches him to walk. This short story is about the narrator trying to teach his disabled brother Doodle to walk because he is embarrassed to be related to someone who cannot walk. The narrator eventually strains his brother to do more than walking. This short story supports the quote because the narrator is taking pride into training his little brother to walk because he is embarrassed to have a brother who can’t walk. The narrator pushes his brother into using his legs and walk. In the story it switches from person to person from person to self. The author’s use of Characterization and conflict help to set the mood of the story. These literary elements help set the mood of the story which makes it more interesting to read as well as showing we can get too much pride over something. In conclusion an imperfect narrator or one with tragic flaws makes the story more interesting to the reader. It also reveals truth that people do not think of the consequences of what they are doing. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allen Poe shows that the narrator of the story wants to finally get his revenge on a man who has pride in his wine. This short story is about a man who wants to seek revenge on his friend Fortunato because of his great pride in wine. This short story supports the quote â€Å"I like flawed characters because somewhere in them I see more of the truth.† Because the narrator of the story wants to seek revenge on a man  named Fortunato by using reverse psychology to get his drunk and then murdering him. Everything in the story was planned by the narrator. The author’s use of setting and suspense helped the reader feel like they were in the story as well as makes it more interesting and reveals the truth that all humans are all revengeful at some point. In conclusion the narrator of this story is imperfect which makes this story more interesting. In conclusion, the quote by Nicolas Cage â€Å" I like flawed characters because somewhere in them I see more of the truth.† means that characters are more realistic when they are not perfect. The titles â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† and â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† both support this idea. â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† supports this quote because the narrator of the story is embarrassed to be with his brother Doodle because he is unable to walk. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† also supports this quote because the narrator of the story is imperfect because he is using reverse psychology to kill the man named Fortunato. This issue can connect to the real world because not only are characters from stories imperfect but people are also imperfect and have many flaws which is what makes us human beings.

Essay on Piece of Art

Essay on Piece of Art Essay on Piece of Art Andrea Healy 2874 Rutgers Pl, Oceanside, CA, 92056 Dear Andrea, Well you’re freshman year is over! Well freshman year is coming to an end it was a good/bad way to start it. I wish I studied harder and took things more seriously I know that I can work harder and I plan to change that ASAP! I was honestly afraid that Biology would kick my butt I was sort of right it was hard and I wish I took 1st semester better. I feared that I would get trash canned because everyone talked about it :/. I feared that I wouldn’t get along with any of my teachers Marching Band is awesome it’s my favorite 1st semester way better than P.E 9A 2nd semester. I wish to do Color Guard and Photography these next couple of years because photography is a main thing I my life and I have a huge passion for it. Color Guard is what my best friend Breanna does and it seems like an amazing opportunity to do it o I decided to try out and I made the team for my sophomore year in 2013-2014. I hope to get up past Algebra 2 because I want to be a succe ss in math because it is the subject I struggle with the most. ` Wow well STUDY, STUDY, and STUDY!!! Don’t procrastinate it bites you in the butt! Remember in freshman year you were crazy over Luis. XD Band camp was the best memory for the start of freshman year because it was fun you met a lot of new people that have made who you are today. Keep in touch with all band/ color guard people. Remember that your math teacher Mr.Wasano was your favorite teacher

The Arkansaw Bear - A One-Act Play

The Arkansaw Bear - A One-Act Play In The Arkansaw Bear, Tish, a little girl, is upset over the impending death of her beloved grandfather. Her mother and great aunt, both voiceover roles, do not want her to see her grandfather dying in a hospital bed. She runs away from them and reaches a beautiful tree where she makes a wish on a star called Star Bright. Star Bright arranges for Tish to meet two members of a traveling circus- a Mime and the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear. The Bear is old and fleeing from something neither Tish nor the Mime can see. It turns out that The Ringmaster, an incarnation of death, is searching for the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear to take him to the â€Å"center ring.† Together the characters learn that death does not have to be final. The skills and stories that one generation passes on to the next, generation after generation, become a form of immortality. Aurand Harris (1915-1996) was a prolific children’s playwright. He specialized in tackling difficult topics, such as the death of a loved one in The Arkansaw Bear, and discussing those topics on stage. His characters use gentle language and many of his productions notes are about making costumes, sets, and lighting non-threatening. For example, a lighting note in The Arkansas Bear is, â€Å"Never is the stage dark, eerie, or frightening.† For the Mime character, he notes, â€Å"He is not in white face, but his face is natural, friendly, and expressive.† In the notes in his 29-page play, Harris instructs directors that there should be no masks or grotesque make-up. The young audience members should find the whole experience a welcoming, gentle, and encouraging place. Harris’s does not want a child’s fear of and confusion about death compounded with a scary mask or dark stage. Setting: Somewhere in Arkansas Time: The present Cast Size: This play can accommodate 6 actors plus 3 voiceover roles. Male Characters: 5* Female Characters: 1 Female Voiceover Roles: 2 Characters that may be played by either males or females: 3* *The script denotes the male roles as him/he, but it may be possible to have females play the roles of Star Bright, The Ring Master, or Mime. Roles Tish is a little girl who is confused and frightened for her grandfather. She is his â€Å"chip off the old block.† She is seeking a way to make peace with this major event in her life. Star Bright is the first star out in the night. He takes pride in granting wishes. Sometimes he must be subtle about granting the wish, as in helping Tish see that she keeps her grandfather alive by being his chip off the old block. Sometimes he can grant a wish through sheer power as when he traps death in a tree until the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear can teach all his dances to Little Bear. Mime is the friend and assistant of the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear. He speaks no words but is understood by everyone. He is sad to see his best friend go to the center ring and to know that Tish is losing her grandfather, but he is determined to help them both through to the end. World’s Greatest Dancing Bear is the descendant of a prima ballerina bear from Spain and his father was Russia’s greatest dancing bear. He has earned medals for his dancing and has danced for presidents and royalty all over the world. He is scared of The Ringmaster/death but more scared of seeing his life’s work disappear. The Ring Master is a grand figure. He is not evil or biased in any way. He even allows the group a few spare hours to train Little Bear. In the end, he has a show to put on and it is the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear’s cue. Little Bear is a young bear that has lost both his father and grandfather. His mother has urged him to keep on living since that is the best way to say goodbye to loved ones. He agrees to learn the older bear’s dances in order to honor all of his loved ones and become The Arkansaw Bear. Voiceovers: Mother, Aunt Ellen, Announcer Content Issues: Death In this video, see some clips of a production that used child actors. The Arkansaw Bear and many of Aurand Harris’s other plays may be ordered through Dramatic Publishing. It can also be found in the book, Theatre for Youth: Twelve Plays with Mature Themes, edited by Coleman A. Jennings and Gretta Berghammer.

Individual Legal Minor Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Legal Minor Project - Essay Example ntellectual property (IP) is the general name given to the laws covering patents, trademarks, copyright, designs, circuit layouts, and plant breeder’s rights. â€Å"IP Australia recently reviewed production of the Journals. This review resulted in the decision to cease production of paper versions of the Journals, with new electronic versions being freely available on IP Australia’s website† (Cessation of Paid Advertising in IP Australia’s Official Journals Effective 26th May 2005, n.d) â€Å"It is an important part of almost any business as it can apply to confidential information, designs and inventions that contribute to the success of the business† (Intellectual Property, n.d) A desktop publisher must have good knowledge about the existing laws related to copyright, privacy and misleading advertising in order to avoid possible disputes. This paper briefly analyse the essentials a desktop publisher know about the Australian laws regarding copyright, privacy and misleading advertising. â€Å"Copyright is part of an area of law known as intellectual property. Intellectual property law protects the property rights in creative and inventive endeavours and gives creators and inventors certain exclusive economic rights, generally for a limited time, to deal with their creative works or inventions† (What is intellectual property?, 2008) The purpose of copyright is to encourage people (creators of certain new things which is useful to the society) to contribute more to the wellbeing of the society. Such contributors will get some financial benefits when other people use his contributions which will encourage him to search for more new things useful to the society. ‘The primary end of the law on copyright is to give to the author of a creative work his just reward for the benefit he has bestowed on the community and also to encourage the making of further creative works’ (Copyright purposes and sources, 2009) Desktop publishers while preparing designs, captions

Questions based on readings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Questions based on readings - Assignment Example Xcolonia is a country that has a comparative advantage in agriculture and textiles (Krugman et al. 55). Machinery production requires complex technology, which Xcolonia does not have. Easy export substitution would, therefore, be the best strategy for Xcolonia, where they export agricultural and textile products, and this will speed up industrialization. This strategy will help Xcolonia to create profits and reduce their debts. It will also trigger the productivity that will result to increased exports and greater efficiency. 2. By unlimited labor supplies the labor, the labor minister means that the labor supply in Xcolonia exceeds the labor demand. Thus is a characteristic of many small developing countries, where there is a labor surplus. However, most of this labor is unskilled and this may inhibit the growth since technical progress necessary for growth requires skilled labor. The Lewis-Ranis Fei model suggests that the economic growth take place if agricultural laborers are transferred to the industrial area, where their productivity would increase (Williamson et al., 44). This design is based on the assumption that the economy of concern is dual with a stagnant agricultural sector and a dynamic industrial sector. Therefore, at the point where marginal productivity equals zero, labor can be transferred to the industrial sector without any loss in agricultural sector. In the first stage of the model, there is disguised unemployment because the labor supply is perfectly elastic, and the marginal prod uctivity of labor is zero. This disguised unemployment is transferred to the industrial sector at the constant institutional wage (Fort and Ricardo, 27). Due to the constant institutional wage, the labor supply curve is horizontal at this stage. However, this does not last forever. This can be shown using diagram 1. 3. Land is a major factor of production, and an important asset for the rural and urban poor. It provides a

Inventory Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Inventory Management - Research Paper Example The project will only review the relevant literature on inventory management. The review will cover the elements of inventory management then go through four main sections of intelligent inventory management. The first three parts will cover the principal domains of inventory management: inventory modeling, expert systems, and the decision support systems. The fourth part is the intelligent decision support system discussion, which advances the two previous parts. Inventory is the stock of goods kept on hand by an entity for future and current use of meeting the customers demand. The inventory is of importance to an entity in both the financial and operational perspective. First, inventory contributes the main investment for any firm. Inventory constitutes approximately 30 to 55 percent of current assets in manufacturing companies while constituting approximately 70 to 85 percent of current assets to wholesaler and retailer companies. On the other perspective, from the operational po int of view, inventories put operating flexibility to company. Keeping of adequate inventory by manufacturing processes will facilitate smooth production process. Holding of inventory by wholesaler and retailers facilitates good customer service which in return gives the companies good public image. The main aim of inventory management is to balance between having low inventory and the high return on investments. Inventory has a variety of functions, which should be summarized to facilitate a good inventory management. First, the main aim of holding inventory is to meet customers demand for the product. This is because it is impossible to have delivery of products or production of goods exactly the same time when the consumers need them. It is therefore wise to keep a reasonable level of inventory to meet this expected or anticipated consumer demand. Secondly, it is wise to keep adding inventory inform of buffer or safety stocks since the demand is usually not known with certainty.

Was Louis Riel Guilty Of Treason

Was Louis Riel Guilty Of Treason I believe that Louis Riel is guilty of treason. Riel, Louis Riel has been called many names, he has been called a Prophet, a Statesman, a scoundrel, a hero, a madman, a visionary, a hero, but Louis Riel is best described a traitor, he has betrayed Canada in many ways. If passed, Bill C-417 will reverse Riels conviction for high treason. Riel ordered a man named Thomas Scott to be killed and organized a rebellion that caused the loss of dozens of lives, in order to become a territorial leader. Indeed Riel spent most of his adult life in Canada, the United States, seeking political intrigue. Eventually he was executed for his many crimes and the endless turmoil he caused with the Canadian government. That sentence may appear harsh today, but it was no harsher than Scotts execution or the dozens lost in the Riel rebellion: life itself was hard then. The punishment was meted out accordingly, and believed to be very fair at the time. Even though Louis Riel did not want Bloodshed and stay ed away from rebelling against the government for most of his adult life he did not keep it that way so Louis Riel is indeed still guilty of treason. This is true because Louis Riel started rebellions, and was responsible for levying war against the Canadian government which is treason. Louis Riel also fled to the U.S and conspired with the president to start war with the government which is also treason. Louis Riel is guilty in many ways of treason. Riel did not touch a gun and did not kill anyone but he is responsible for the dozens of lives lost in the Riel rebellion and for the execution of Thomas Scott. After all did he not court Marshall Scott and from his peoples vote, 2 only 2 of the seven could do what Riel could not, only 2 of Riels people had the courage to raise their hands, and denounce the Scott execution cold blooded murder. Scott wasnt guilty of treason for two reasons one, he had no government to be treasonous against, and never in the criminal code does it say do not be racist to your government. It does say form an intention to start war with the government, or use force to overthrow the government, Scott was innocent and Riel should have known it, and it is not the killing of Thomas Scott which made Riel guilty it is what that lead to which was rebellions, a provisional government, and many other acts of the crime treason. Save our country from this wicked government by taking arms if necessary Louis Riel. According to the criminal code of Canada paragraph 46 section 1 a through 2c treason is someone who a) uses force or violence for the purpose of overthrowing the government of Canada or a province. The North West Rebellion is a perfect example of this, ¦ Riel formed a provisional government at Batoche in order to wring concessions from Ottawa by force, if necessary does this sound like a man who cares for his government, or a man that will use his government to get what he wants. One week later, the Mà ©tis clashed with the North-West Mounted Police on Beardys Reserve near Duck Lake, by this attack from the Metis people led by none other than Louis Riel, and in section 46 2b on the criminal code of Canada it says levies war against Canada or does any act preparatory thereto- by acting and rebelling though it was only few Mounties it is still part of the Canadian government, and by god it was the very first step on Louis road of rebellion on the Canadian government, so by rebelling they are levying some sort of war on Canada which is a form of treason, isnt it. Riel decided to make his stand at Batoche, a strategy that ultimately sealed the fate of the Mà ©tis and lost any chance of prolonging the conflict- the stand Louis riel is taking a stand to overthrow the Canadian government therefore committing treason, and he is in every way guilty of treason. The North-West Field Force, momentarily stunned by an ambush at Fish Creek in late April 1885, swooped downed on Batoche on May 9 and easily overran the defenders three days later. The next six weeks were largely anticlimactic, as Indian leaders and their followers who had been implicated in the troubles surrendered to Canadian authorities. another section says that You shall not start (Riel was the leader so he started it) or assist armed forces (Metis using Nails, Stones Sticks, cannons guns) against whom Canadian Forces are engaged in hostilities (Riel + Metis), whether or not a state of war exists betwee n Canada and the country whose forces they are. The Metis and Riel are doing this they are starting war, and convincing others to join which is also an act of treason so Time travelling back to the Riel era and undoing Riels hanging through simple historical revisionism implies that someone else should pay the price for killing riel, now innocent. In other words, it calls our entire justice system into question, and too be fair and just, if you pardon Riel you must pardon, everyone else who has been charged with treason, and take a look at them, and by doing this it is implying we can get away with rebelling against our government, in the way Riel did. Maybe at first Louis Riels Provisional Government was used to protect the Metis and maybe because the term provisional means temporary and it was only used so the Metis could negotiate with the Canadian government to become a part of Canada but it was later an excuse to rebel against the Canadian government. At a meeting inside of a church in Batoche after a priest  which had told the Metis people Riel that I refuse to give the sacrament to anyone who participates in a rebellion against the Canadian government Riels reaction was assaulting the priest and holding a meeting, at that very meeting Riel uttered this quote I propose we set up a provisional government and take up arms to defend our right to do so! By saying this Riel is saying that hell use his government which was legal and use it to commit illegal crime treason by taking up arms and fighting for their rights and possibly overthrow three governments, and all three of those points are against the Canadian criminal code. So after this meeting occurred it was all downhill and became from harmless to harmful and treason. So by saying this is levying war against Canada and conspiring with the Metis to take up arms against the Canadian government, which both are Treason. Bill C-417 should not be passed because Mr. Riel does not deserve a second chance to live and be a hero, he was given chances and he blew them. Throughout his life Riel had formed a provisional government, started many rebellions, killed innocent men, and had fled to the U.S. When he murdered Thomas Scott, he was in trouble and he done wrong and he knew it, and he wasnt ready to be accountable for his actions so he fled to the U.S, if he knew it was the right thing to do and felt accountable for his actions he would have stayed in Canada and fought for his cause. Does this sound like a strong leader? Is this a leader who would stand up and never abandon his people? No it sounds like a traitor to his government and his people, only a guilty man would leave his own country and have the nerve to come back start rebellions, and run for a spot in parliament. The main reason why people think he is a hero is because he fought for the rights of his people and stand up for them, and by fleein g his people he did not stand up for them but he sat down. Yes throughout Riels earlier years he tried to avoid bloodshed and he did, he avoided fighting against the government, for a long time Riel had avoided killing anyone to avoid bloodshed but later in his life he started a rebellion with a man named Gabriel Dumont who was for bloodshed, and Dumont had been accountable for many Canadian deaths but lets not forget Dumonts leader and the one who organized the rebellions Riel. Louis Riel was one hundred per cent responsible for Dumont and his actions thus responsible for the blood shed he caused. Riel shouldve known Dumont was the man who wouldnt hesitate at chance to battle or capture, a person who was part of the Canadian Government I mean in a football game isnt it the quarterbacks job to call the plays and lead his team, so in the football game of The Metis vs. the Canadian Government Riel was the Quarter back and therefore responsible for the work of his defense man Dumont. Riel was there when Dumont was talking about ambushes, guerri lla style tactics, etc. Riel knew what Dumont wanted and went along with it, so Dumonts Bloodshed is also Louis bloodshed. I mean Riel couldve stopped him, yet when Riel sent him over to Mitchells store near Duck Lake to raid it, Gabriel couldnt resist starting battle; Mr. Riel knew Dumont was a violent man, toward the Canadian Government but still Riel sent Dumont out to a place near, where Mounties were located. By not giving Dumont his follower instructions not to start battle Riel is responsible for Dumonts Bloodshed and his treasonous acts against the Canadian Government, and by being responsible for others treason he is guilty of his own treason. We intend to fight for our freedom as a separate state from Canada In 1875 Mr. Riel was expelled from Canada for 5 years to the U.S and in these 5 years without the authorization of the Canadian government Riel went to acting U.S president Ulysses S. Grant to ask for money and protection. According to the criminal code of Canada without lawful authority can a person conspire with another person or ought to do something for a purpose prejudicial to the safety and defense of Canada. By going to Ulysses S. Grant Riel and asking him for money and protection he is preforming a treasonous act. At this same meeting Riel also says that I am convinced that I could raise a military force sufficient enough to compel the Canadian government to reconsider its relationship with the North West by saying this he is discussing his plan to raise a military force and levy war against Canada which is also part of treason. So by fleeing Canada to go to the President and discussing Riels plan to attack the Canadian government is treason in to ways, and then acting on the se plans in the North West resistance is completely treasonous. How could an insane person lead 700 people into a rebellion unless they were all insane? Louis may have been a traitor and a scoundrel but one thing that is true is he is very honest. At his trial Louis was a truthful man and would not plead insane because he was considerate as well. In fact President John A. Macdonald said because there was doubt about Riels sanity, I delayed the execution until November 16th and had him examined by three doctors. They all agreed that hes not crazy. Three doctors examined one man, he was said to be diagnosed with megalomania, and megalomania is Delusional belief of superiority, Delusions of greatness, Delusions about ones own power Delusions about ones own importance. Louis Riel envisioned himself as a prophet, according to the dictionary; a prophet is a man who speaks for god or a deity, or by divine inspiration or a person who practices divination. Riel saw himself as a prophet of God not a person that is superior, great or is any more important than anybody else on Gods green earth. So not one, not two but the three doctors are right , Riel in no way has any symptoms of megalomania; he does not see himself as great. Louis could not be insane anyway, instead of staying nice and safe in Montana, Riel gave up his safety for the Metis. During his trial, Riels lawyer thought the only way to get Riel out of this mess was for him to plead insanity, it was his lawyers decision to make him insane, he himself knowing he would be executed, Riel still did not agree, only a proud sane man would die to say he was just a sane leader. Riel is right how could an insane person lead 700 people into a rebellion unless they were all insane? If Louis Riel had not been apparently diagnosed with the single diagnosis of megalomania According to http://mwolk.com/blog/definition-of-insanity/ in general an insane person is a person who is not at all afraid of doing anything which might lead to drastic problems for him/her in the future, near the beginning of the Riel era  Riel had asked his men to stop the bloodshed and be loyal to the Q ueen, so even though he started rebellions and broke many laws mostly TREASON, Riel did try to avoid things that would be dreadful to himself and the Metis. So Riel was not insane and therefore was right to be punished for the treason he caused in the rebellions, and the turmoil he gave to the government. Riel didnt Father Confederation; he fought those who did. In comparison with the constructive minds of his generation, Riel was an anomaly. Since he was certainly not a hero to everyone, in no case should we commemorate his misdeeds by erecting a statue of him on Parliament Hill. That would be an insult to the memory of the soldiers who fought and died fighting Riels army and defending the cherished rights we associate with that same Parliament Hill. No person advocating or engaging in armed rebellion against Canadas democratic processes should be so honoured. To do so would be to elevate anarchy and civil disobedience to statesmanship. In short, Riel did not have the full support of his people, let alone Ruperts Land that he needed to create his own territory. Instead, he used arms and force, those ancient non-democratic methods, resulting in death and terror. He was accordingly confronted by force for his crimes, lost and hung. So by revising History, you are not condemning Louis R iel you are condemning Canada, he fought against those who made Canada, and for that alone, for being a bump on the road of what Canada is today, Louis Riel Deserved the death of hangings and more, in the end Louis Riel broke every part of the Criminal Code subsection Treason and high treason  [v]  except for causing bodily harm to her Majesty. In final conclusion to make Louis Riel innocent is making our government guilty and they did not break any single law in Riels lifetime so Riel is indeed guilty of treason.

Indigenous Hawaiians Protest the Exploitation of their Islands :: Essays Papers

Indigenous Hawai'ians Protest the Exploitation of their Islands Reminiscent of the Civil Rights movement that thundered through the continental states in the 1960’s, the Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement has gripped the shores and cities of America’s pet paradise and rattled its â€Å"settler society† with determined strength and purpose: the deliberate exploitation of Hawaiian land, Hawaiian spirituality, and Hawaiian life must unequivocally end now. From first contact in 1778, through the militaristic overthrow of the Queen in 1893, America’s â€Å"settler society† ostensibly destroyed the cultural fabric and language of Hawai’i’s autochthonous people. American colonists killed thousands of natives through the spread of lethal diseases and crippled the existing Hawaiian economy through land acquisition and monopoly of the sugar market. Engineered exclusively for the benefit and survival of the settlers, American â€Å"settler society† allowed for no legal recourse by the marginalized natives; native rights were denied altogether. Thus defined by 100 years of oppression and exploitation, modern Hawaiians are fiercely ethnocentric in a movement which has progressed from demands of restitution to outright sovereignty (69). As â€Å"multinational corporations sell our [Hawaiian] beauty†(61), the Ka LÄ hui Hawai’i actively seeks to secure indigenous self-determination and enforce the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples for all remaining Hawaiians. In these demands for universal human rights, the strenuous progress of decolonization reverberates with every non-violent demonstration and international gesture. Yet despite the triumphant illusion of decolonization, historical colonialism continues to render Hawaiians victim to the consuming institutions of neocolonialism, namely, co-optation and the scourge of tourism (108). Triumphant decolonization is not yet a reality. The success of decolonization rests heavily on eradicating the â€Å"psychological dependency† Hawaiians imbibe through haole education (42). As he who controls the past controls the future, modern day haoles seek to perpetuate modern racist realities by poisoning public memory with counterfeit history. Haoles teach these false interpretations of â€Å"settler society† and crudely render â€Å"civilization† as a blessed yoke to the feudal Hawaiians. Therefore, in the cycle of decolonization, the truth of the marginalized Hawaiians must be rewritten. Spiritual and cultural identity is primarily reclaimed in the celebration and survival of native languages and philosophies. As â€Å"[Haunani-Kay Trask] had to learn the [Hawaiian] language like a lover so that [Trask] could rock within her and lay at night in her dreaming arms† (118), so must the prostitution of Hawai’i by haole and tourist be transformed.

Kfc in China Essay

Is Tony Wang correct in assuming that China is an ideal market for KFC? Should KFC be pursuing the Chinese market at the present time? Considering China as a strategic location was based from a SWOT analysis. Availability of Supply (Strength) There is ready access of quality poultry in the major metropolitan areas such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Poultry industry is one of the top priority categories in China’s agriculture modernization and it is highly encourage by the government. Thus, the company can ensure a reliable supply of high quality chicken. Low Competitive Pressure (Strength) Potential competitors such as MacDonald’s face major barriers to enter the China market due to poor beef supply while KFC, aside from availability of high quality chicken supply, has the clear advantage since its main product-chicken- is eaten almost everywhere in the world. Furthermore, chicken is already familiar in China and even much cheaper. Company’s Control Measures (Strength) KFC s control mechanisms are designed to ensure standard levels of quality, service and cleanliness (QSC) at all of the restaurant’s chain stores. This fits the positive image in Asia of American fast food restaurants as famous, air-conditioned, and hygienic. Product Consumption (Strength) Chicken has long been regarded as a kind of nutritious food, which is especially good for the patients, the elders and children. An increase in health conscious consumers also raises the consumption of chicken. Moreover, chicken is a more popular meal than hamburgers in most Asian countries and KFC has the opportunity to offer an American style experience that is different from most other food establishments. Drawing Area (Opportunity) In late 1978, China began implementing economic reforms to modernize its economy by lessening the government’s control of the economy. This reform referred as a socialist market economy boosted the national wealth and the consequent increase in individual’s income has led to steady changes in Chinese consumer patterns prevalent in pre-Mao era. As the world’s most populous nation with over 1 billion inhabitants, the potential size and growth for KFC makes the Chinese market very attractive. Not to mention, the possibility of establishing the first Western style fast-food operation in China as a historic opportunity for the company. Scarce Human Resources (Weakness) Managerial resources are precious because of the scarcity of Chinese-speaking KFC managers. There are also possible conflicts between KFC-appointed managers and local employees. Lack of Local connections (Weakness) Pioneering in the fast-food field would find KFC very difficult to form local and personal networks between businesses and government agencies, which are crucial in providing access to the local market and domestic suppliers and eventually, to the company’s success. Entering into a relatively unknown market, KFC, as a new entrant will have to get in touch with the local business customs and laws as well as with knowledge of culture and language. Quality of Government (Threat) A communist government with strict foreign investment laws rules China. Setting up here requires heavy investment expenses and high levels of resource commitment. The risk of domestication measures may be imposed by the host government, often leading to major financial losses for the foreign investor. Overcoming Threats and Weaknesses KFC has three options of entering the China market thru, namely: Franchising, Wholly owned subsidiary and Joint venture. The traditional franchising strategy, in markets where political risk and cultural unfamiliarity exists, certainly would reduce financial risks. However, KFC had already encountered problems in the past with the aligning of corporate planning with the franchisee’s short-term focus on profitability. In addition, KFC will be pioneering in the fast-food service and thus needs to be highly sensitive to cultural demands. In such case, franchising is not feasible. On the other hand, a wholly owned subsidiary would rely upon total control over competitive advantages and ensures complete operational and strategic control. It also involves high financial risk and little country-level flexibility and responsiveness. This option is not recommended. Entering into a joint venture is highly recommended. Such an international business strategy will attempt to solve many logistics problems such as access to good quality chicken and other supplies, ease the access to Chinese market, share risk with a local entity, utilize ways to cut bureaucratic red-tape and finally, serve as a sign of commitment to the host government increasing goodwill. In addition, due to the complexity of many barriers to entry into China, a potential partner with sufficient contacts or networks with the government officials may smoothen the process of setting-up operations in the country. The potential joint-venture partner should be large, well established, provide excellent distribution channels and have personal network access to government officials. It is recommended that a partner be found by backward integration- that is, a good domestic supplier of poultry. In order to ensure total commitment, the set-up of the joint venture should be with KFC as the dominant partner. This way, cost, quality and strategic control measures are maintained. By building on each partner’s core competencies, knowledge, and efficiencies, a mutually beneficial synergy effect could be achieved as a result of joint venture activities. For instance, the local partner can learn from KFC how to produce a better product at a lower cost and further expand on its new competitive positioning. KFC, on the other hand, can maintain quality supply, which is critical to its success. RECOMMENDATION: The Chinese market represents a great opportunity for KFC where Tony Wang is correct in his assumptions. By finding an appropriate domestic business partner via backward integration, it is possible to further build on opportunities and significantly reduce risk throughout financial sharing, cultural sensitivity and favorable treatment from the host government. KFC should start pursuing this strategy at the present time and develop a coherent international strategy linking the China operations with the other markets. Which of the three cities being investigated should the company choose if it decides to enter China? The capital city, Beijing, is recommended as the preferred location for KFC’s entry into the Chinese market. Beijing is the center for most political activities and provides the necessary access to government agencies and business regulatory bodies. Also, it has a large population of nearly 9 million inhabitants. The numerous universities located in the city contributes to more affluent and educated people that may make them more open to foreign ideas including Western fast-food. More importantly, plenty of Western tourists are attracted to Beijing’s many tourist attractions, increasing the potential for generating foreign currency sales. Furthermore, supplies of poultry are readily available. Beijing can serve as the initial platform of KFC’s operations and later expand into other potential areas such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. One or two initial outlets should be set-up to get an insight of how KFC will be perceived in the Chinese capital. Both dine-in and take-out facilities much in line with most KFC’s international operations ought to be offered in large, clean and well-serviced outlets to cater for the customers with above-average disposable incomes. In order to serve large numbers of customers due to the sheer size of the population, the right cultural fit of the business restaurants must be highly functional and effective. Special menu-substitutions may also have to be facilitated to cater to consumers taste for traditional Chinese meals. Lessons Learned Capitalizing on Strengths and Opportunities In the initial period of KFC’s entry into China market, few of Chinese onsumers were really impressed with the food itself since the country is known to have the best culinary culture in the world. Instead, they were more fascinated with the eating experience: the encounter with friendly employees, quick service, spotless floors climate-controlled and brightly-lit dining areas, and smiling Colonel Sanders standing in front of the main gate. Having experienced the initial surprises brought by a never-seen western lifestyle, Chinese consumers have gradually calmed down and their consumption attitudes towards foreign products are getting more reasonable. Since Chinese people are more concerned with the nutrition and tastes of the fast food, KFC taken advantage of McDonald’s. By offering poultry food that is more acceptable to Chinese people compared with beef, have taken consumers needs and competition with other brands into account. Knowing the market The most prominent success of KFC in China is not only the outcome of KFC’s persistent tenets â€Å"quality, service and cleanliness† but also the achievements of its keen perception of cross-cultural marketing and its understanding of Chinese culture. Based on its scrutiny and adoption of Chinese traditional culinary arts, KFC has developed a series of products that are specially designed for the tastes of Chinese consumers. Moreover, in purpose of maintaining its image of a U. S. brand and keeping consistent with its globalization strategy, most of KFC s Chinese side dishes are defined as short-term products and would be replaced by new products. KFC’s product strategies are categorized into two aspects: 1)To meet consumers desire for novelty by introducing western style products like Mexican Chicken Warp and New Orleans Barbeque Wings. This means can satisfy young consumers who are more open and acceptable to the foreign flavors. 2)To cater to consumers taste for traditional Chinese meal by offering Chinese style fast food from time to time, say, Old Beijing Chicken Roll, a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside and accompanied with green onions and hoi sin sauce, and Sichuan Spicy Chicken which absorbs the spicy flavor of Sichuan dish. This measure can attract older consumers who are fond of Chinese food and in need of the convenience of fast food service as well.

Donnie Darko †Detailed Summary Essay

Donnie Darko is an intelligent, yet delirious and emotionally-ill teenager, who’s idealistic fantasy of correcting the wrongs in society, finally appears possible in a ‘tangent universe’ (an imaginative reality), where he is guided by an imaginary friend Frank, who appears as a malevolent giant bunny in Donnie’s day-time hallucinations. In the early stages of the film, Frank literally lures Donnie from reality and introduces him to a tangent universe where Donnie observes what would’ve been, (yet ultimately is) his own death in reality, where he is crushed by a plummeting airliner engine that crashes through the roof of his house directly above his bedroom where he sleeps. In the tangent reality though, he is merely a bystander, bemused and frightened by the calamity of the aftermath, as he returns home the morning subsequent to the disaster. He realizes that his long sleep-walk adventure the previous night, (Summoned by Frank) had ensured the avoidance of his death. The viewer is initially under the impression that Frank is a product of Donnie’s disturbed and inventive sub-conscious, as he is but a vehicle to allow Donnie’s inhibitions to express themselves through acts of desecration. In many ways, Frank seems to take advantage of Donnie’s mental state by coercing him to perpetrate crime. Yet Donnie appears to advocate his own actions, indicating his intentions for societal change, reformation, and also for companionship – he fears the prospect of â€Å"dying alone,† in which case, Frank is an ally who can assist Donnie in coping with his emotional struggles and hardships. The fact that Donnie’s mental condition is later classified as ‘paranoid schizophrenia’ by Dr Thurman (Donnie’s psychiatrist), would appear as another viable theory or impression, for the viewer to follow. However, it proves not as strong. The reason being, is that the initial or aforementioned theory supports the film’s noteworthy theme that ‘destruction is a form of creation’ (an idea propagated by Donnie’s secondary literacy teacher, Mrs. Pomeroy), whereas the latter is a shallow, yet logical conclusion that isn’t glaringly in keeping with any underlying messages of the film itself. Later in the film, the tangent universe allows for the discovery of Frank, as an authentic person, who is murdered by Donnie as he is directly responsible for a fatal car accident involving Donnie’s much- adored ‘tangent’ girlfriend, Gretchen. This enlightens us as to the reason for Frank’s contact with Donnie. – Frank has traveled back through time, to in-turn; open a port-hole to Donnie’s future and enable Donnie to view aspects of his life ahead as a series of visual manifestations, (ie post airliner engine catastrophe). In doing this, he informs Donnie that Armageddon will arrive in twenty-eight days, which conveniently serves as a manipulative motive to aid his primary objective: – To discourage Donnie in continuing his life in reality; in the hope that Frank’s life will be spared. At this point in the film, the recurring theme of time travel claims its stronghold, regardless of previous acknowledgements and inferences. For instance, in one particular scene Frank implies he is from the future, and in numerous others, Donnie is seen eagerly researching and discussing theoretical revelations, pertaining to the philosophy of time travel. Evidently though, these scenes and others, such as the ‘Frank-influenced’ despoilment of Donnie’s school and the arson of a corrupt perverts house, illustrate critical stages of Donnie’s inner journey – that is, from a disillusioned teenager, troubled by the folly of mainstream attitudinal beliefs, to an individual who transcends reality in order to subsist in an idealistically superior society, of his own invention. After twenty-seven days of endeavor through outrageous public displays and clandestine defilement, the foretold event of Armageddon looms near. Donnie ambles through the final moments of his tangent existence (inner journey), as his character-defining tenacious dynamism begins to fade. As expected, he assumes his fatalistic mentality of â€Å"all living things have a set path,† and that humans are merely vessels traveling along â€Å"God’s channel,† gradually nearing a pre-determined destination. At this stage, Donnie’s mindset suggests a search for spiritual solace and religious meaning. Whilst denying an utterly defeatist outlook, Donnie exerts a courageous exterior by modestly welcoming his fate, in the hope that there will be â€Å"so much to look forward to.† He is of course referring to a reformed humanity that is devoid of inadequacy, corruption and suppression. It is here, that the film takes an unexpected turn, whereby Donnie’s inner journey in the tangent universe is virtually thwarted due to the sub-conscious acknowledgement of an audible phrase, originally voiced by his late girlfriend, Gretchen. It is part of her conjecture of emotional solace: â€Å"What if you could go back through time, and replace all those hours of pain and darkness with something better?† At this point, Frank uses his god-like essence to summon Donnie in reality, assuming that he’d been subjected to enough to be dissuaded, and, much to the viewer’s astonishment, Donnie awakes in bed, hysterically laughing in awe and disbelief of his ‘dream.’ Whilst conscious, he remembers the tangent visions of pain and anguish, including Gretchen’s death, and the murder of Frank, and decides that his future should be exempt from more emotional suffering. Donnie opts to conclude his inner journey heroically, by means of self-sacrifice – that is, to allow the plummeting airliner engine to destroy him, thus ensuring an extended life for his beloved female tangent counterpart, Gretchen. The film Donnie Darko is significant to the theme of ‘imaginary journey’ as it details a person’s sinister epigrammatic voyage into the future, and consequent development of emotional alteration. Director Richard Kelly uses the character Donnie as a representation of idealistic thought inherent in society. It is no undisclosed fact that society itself, is pervaded by thoughts and ideals that are in contrast with expected societal opinion. Kelly hints at the notion that we are engaged in the journey of life, yet our propulsion is suppressed somewhat, by the  undeniable need to conform to society’s bounds and restrictions – thus society would seem to preclude humans from achieving their primary goal(s) or concluding their journeys. Also intertwined with this perception, is the suggestion of the faà §ade of human nature. Kelly suggests it is unnatural for veritable human inclination to be constrained, hence the rationale of life-long journeys that are embarked upon to discover a sense of self. Donnie’s self discovery is shown through his sacrifice for Gretchen. Whilst on his imaginary journey, Donnie identifies with her troubled emotions and sinister background of family trauma. He discovers a person remarkably similar to himself, so his sacrifice in essence could be perceived as an effort of self-preservation as he was intent on ensuring continuity of his ‘spirit’ within a physical entity other than himself. This is a viable interpretation, relevant to a reflective ‘inner’ journey, as it is a primary motive for initial commitment to the journey itself. Kelly realizes that Donnie’s journey is exceedingly implausible and unrealistic. Without detracting from the intended solemnity, it seems a feat such as Donnie’s could only be surmounted by a ‘philosophical super-hero’ with ethereal powers. Kelly deliberately captures the fervent yet slightly naà ¯ve central vision of Donnie’s ideological expectations in the films title, and in Donnie’s heroic bravado. Nonetheless, he encourages provocation of thought and motivational urge on our set path in life, or inner journey. The reason being is that humans are inclined to stray from reality, if indeed; there is an absence of true accomplishment in their existence. By this, Kelly infers that an inner journey is necessary to undergo, as it induces self-gratification and contributes to the conservation and perpetuation of ones psyche. Director Richard Kelly uses the medium of time travel to symbolize the eternal human endeavor/journey in Donnie Darko. I use eternal, because we yearn for such an easy method as time travel to reveal future outcomes and destinations, yet we are simultaneously disenchanted by its obvious  impracticalities. Kelly expresses his interpretation of fatalism via ‘liquid spears,’ which consist of water and metal, and appear as a cylindrical protrusion from a human’s chest. In the scene known as the ‘liquid spear waltz,’ (tangent universe), Donnie in his hallucinatory state, sees these spears connected to the chests of his friends and family. He observes that the individual always follows the path of the spear, to their immediate destination. For example, Donnie’s spear leads him to the fridge on one occasion, whilst he was thirsting for a drink. He would’ve made that same trip even if the spear wasn’t there. Furthermore, the inclusion of mystical activity in the film, such as the liquid spear, adds to the surrealism of the tangent universe, reinforcing the ‘imaginary’ focus of Donnie’s journey. Kelly has portrayed the same dream-like atmosphere via other medium also. For example, many of the tangent universe scenes are in slow-motion, and filmed from an aerial perspective. This informs the viewer of the simulation of the tangent universe, whilst creating a mystic atmosphere and mood. Finally, Kelly’s concept of fatalism may well be perceived as a mere scapegoat for human failure, yet such a perception would be grossly incorrect. He emphasizes that; we shouldn’t knowingly inhibit ourselves because we travel on a set path in life. If anything, a pre-determined future should provide motivation, and encourage one take advantage of daily opportunities and prospects. After all, we are oblivious as to when exactly, our journey of life shall ultimately cease.